Olfactory VR Improves Cognitive Function in Older Adults

The latest research published in Scientific Reports highlights innovative methods to combat cognitive decline among older adults. This study, conducted by a collaborative team from the Institute of Science Tokyo, University of the Arts London, Bunkyo Gakuin University, and Hosei University, presents a unique blend of olfactory stimulation and virtual reality (VR). The article, released on April 30, 2025, underscores the importance of integrating multisensory experiences in cognitive training.

Harnessing the Power of Smell in Cognitive Training

Olfactory stimulation has been recognized for its direct link to brain areas associated with memory and emotions. By developing a VR-based cognitive training regimen that engages the sense of smell, researchers have crafted a novel approach that aims to enhance cognitive engagement in older adults. Professor Takamichi Nakamoto from Science Tokyo states:

“VR provides a promising platform to simulate sensory conditions in a controlled yet engaging manner. By combining goal-oriented tasks with real-time feedback, our VR-based olfactory training approach can increase cognitive engagement and maximize its therapeutic impact.”

The Structure of the VR Game

The VR game designed for this study consists of three critical phases:

1. Memory Initiation Phase: Participants begin by memorizing a specific scent released by interacting with a virtual stone statue. The visual representation of the statue, accompanied by a white vapor cloud, assists in memory retention.
2. Searching for the Odor Source: Players navigate a virtual environment while the olfactory display emits hints of the previously memorized scent to guide them to the scent source.
3. Comparison and Selection Phase: In this phase, participants assess different scented vapor clouds emanating from stone lanterns, determining which scent matches their memorized odor.

This structured approach ensures that the training combines both olfactory recognition and cognitive processing, effectively linking sensory and memory tasks.

Impact on Cognitive Function

The efficacy of the developed VR game was evaluated through its effects on cognitive performance in 30 participants aged between 63 and 90. After just 20 minutes of gameplay, statistically significant improvements in cognitive tasks were observed:

The enhancements in scores illustrate the game's potential to bolster visuospatial and memory functions, making it a valuable tool for cognitive rehabilitation.

Future Directions in Cognitive Health

Given the promising results of this study, researchers are poised to further develop the technology behind olfactory VR training. Key considerations for future research include:

• Exploring more affordable olfactory displays or alternative methods to deliver scents effectively.
• Enhancing the interactive elements of the VR experience to maximize user engagement.
• Investigating the long-term benefits of regular olfactory VR training on cognitive health.

With a focus on accessibility and availability, olfactory-based VR activities may serve as an innovative avenue for promoting mental health in aging populations.

Conclusion

The integration of sensory stimulation, especially through smell, offers a compelling new strategy to fight cognitive decline. As research progresses, the application of these findings could transform approaches to cognitive training, potentially leading to improved outcomes for older adults. For more details on this innovative study, refer to the full article in Scientific Reports here.

References

[1] Nakamoto, T., et al. (2025). Exploring the effects of olfactory VR on visuospatial memory and cognitive processing in older adults. Scientific Reports. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-94693-9

[2] Ryota Sunami et al, Virtual reality game integrates smell to fight cognitive decline. Retrieved April 30, 2025, from Medical Xpress