Microplastics and nanoplastics have become increasingly recognized for their potential presence in the human body, entering through various channels such as food, air, and water. A significant concern is that while a considerable portion is excreted, a certain fraction remains in vital organs, blood, and other body fluids. In light of these concerns, recent research has developed a novel method to detect and quantify these particles, paving the way for a deeper understanding of their implications on human health.
Research Overview
The research, part of the FFG bridge project Nano-VISION, is a collaborative effort between Graz University of Technology (TU Graz), led by Dr. Harald Fitzek from the Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, and the start-up BRAVE Analytics. The project specifically explores the potential role of nanoplastics in ophthalmology, focusing on the effects of intraocular lenses.
Methodology
The innovative detection method combines two advanced techniques: optofluidic force induction and Raman spectroscopy. This new sensor platform involves a two-step process for detecting micro- and nanoplastics in transparent body fluids:
- Sample Collection: The sensor platform draws the liquid sample and pumps it through a glass tube.
- Light Interaction: A weakly focused laser light is shone through the liquid. When it encounters particles, the light accelerates or decelerates them, allowing the researchers to determine their size and concentration based on velocity differences.
The Role of Raman Spectroscopy
Coupled with optofluidic force induction, Raman spectroscopy analyzes the frequency of scattered laser light to determine particle composition. This aspect is particularly useful for identifying organic materials and plastics:
“Depending on the material of the focused particles, the frequency values are slightly different... This works particularly well with organic materials and plastics.” – Dr. Harald Fitzek
Applications of the Method
Currently, the innovative detection method is being employed to investigate the potential release of nanoplastics from intraocular lenses. This endeavor is crucial as there has been a lack of studies addressing this issue thus far. The method, however, has broader implications, as it can also be applied to:
- Clear body fluids such as urine, tear fluid, and blood plasma.
- Continuous monitoring in industrial liquid flows.
- Surveillance of drinking and wastewater quality.
Future Implications
The successful implementation of this detection method is anticipated to have significant consequences for both the medical field and environmental monitoring. Insights gained from ongoing investigations into the behavior of nanoplastics in intraocular lenses will be vital for:
| Aspect | Implication |
|---|---|
| Ophthalmic Surgery | Improved understanding of intraocular lens safety and integrity. |
| Nanoplastics Research | Deeper insights into the biological effects of nanoplastics. |
| Policy Making | Informed regulations for plastic use and waste management. |
As expressed by researchers, the newly developed method has the potential to significantly enhance our understanding of micro- and nanoplastics, particularly their interaction with human health and environmental safety.
Conclusion
The incorporation of optofluidic force induction and Raman spectroscopy offers an innovative approach for the detection of nanoplastics in biological samples. As ongoing studies continue to examine their presence and implications, this advancement represents a stepping stone toward ensuring safer medical practices and a healthier environment.
References
Neuper, Christian et al. "Optofluidic Force Induction Meets Raman Spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry: A New Hyphenated Technique for Comprehensive and Complementary Characterizations of Single Particles." Analytical Chemistry, 2024. Retrieved from Phys.org.
Discussion